US Aircraft Carrier Completes 11-Month Deployment, Longest Since Vietnam War

On May 16, 2026, the world's largest warship pulled into Naval Station Norfolk after 326 consecutive days at sea. The USS Gerald R. Ford — a $13 billion nuclear-powered aircraft carrier — had just completed the longest deployment by a U.S. carrier since the Vietnam War, surpassing the previous post-Vietnam record of 294 days set by the USS Abraham Lincoln during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 [1]. The roughly 4,500 sailors aboard hadn't seen their families since June 24, 2025 [2].

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth met the ship at the pier, telling the crew: "You didn't just accomplish a mission, you made history" [3]. The Ford and its accompanying destroyers, USS Bainbridge and USS Mahan, received a Presidential Unit Citation — the highest unit award available, typically reserved for significant combat achievement [3].

But the record-setting deployment has also ignited a fierce debate over whether the Navy is burning through its most expensive assets and its people to compensate for a fleet too small to meet global demands.

The Operational Demands That Kept Extending the Clock

The Ford departed Norfolk on June 24, 2025, initially bound for the Mediterranean Sea [4]. What followed was an 11-month odyssey across three theaters of operation that no single carrier had been asked to cover in sequence since the 1970s.

After transiting the Strait of Gibraltar and operating in the Mediterranean and North Sea through the summer and early fall, the Ford was redirected to the Caribbean in late October 2025, becoming part of a naval buildup described as the largest in the region in generations [3][4].

Operation Southern Spear (November 2025–January 2026): The carrier strike group participated in enforcement operations in Venezuelan waters, culminating in the January 3, 2026 operation in Caracas that resulted in the capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro [3][4].

Operation Epic Fury (February–April 2026): Following a presidential "go order" on February 27, the Ford transited to the Eastern Mediterranean and then through the Suez Canal into the Red Sea for the opening phase of the U.S.-Israeli operation against Iran. The carrier's air wing participated in a combined strike wave of more than 100 aircraft on February 28 [4][5].

At one point, three U.S. carriers operated simultaneously in the Middle East region — the first time since the 2003 Iraq invasion [6].

Fire and Repairs (March 2026): A non-combat fire in a laundry compartment destroyed 100 berths, damaged 1,000 mattresses, and displaced 600 sailors [7][8]. The Ford diverted to Souda Bay, Crete for emergency repairs before returning to operations in the Red Sea [9].

Source: U.S. Navy records / Military.com

Data as of May 16, 2026CSV

The Human Cost: Families Left in Limbo

The deployment's impact on military families has drawn sustained Congressional attention. Senator Tim Kaine of Virginia, Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee's Seapower Subcommittee, wrote to the Secretary of the Navy in March 2026 warning that the extended deployment was taking "a serious toll" on sailors' mental health and well-being [10].

Approximately 15,000 sailors and Marines from the Norfolk area deployed across the strike group's multiple vessels [6]. The Navy's Optimized Fleet Response Plan targets deployments of seven months — meaning the Ford exceeded guidelines by nearly five months [11].

Kathy Roth-Douquet, CEO of Blue Star Families, described the situation in blunt terms: "We're hearing from families on the Ford that they are struggling. They're struggling financially because a lot of them can't keep working and are single-parenting. We're hearing that people's plans were disrupted and that they can't make the next plan because they don't know what's going to happen, and so that puts them in a kind of limbo" [12].

The financial strain is compounded by inadequate compensation. Hardship duty pay is capped at $495 per month — a figure unchanged since 2014, amounting to a daily stipend of $16.50, less than a single hour of California minimum wage [6]. Meanwhile, demand at the Armed Services YMCA of Hampton Roads food pantry surged so significantly that the pantry reduced operations to two days per week to manage distribution [6].

Research from the National Institutes of Health has found that deployments exceeding standard lengths produce elevated rates of PTSD, depression, substance abuse, and common mental disorders, with effects persisting more than 24 months after exposure [13]. Studies also show that the number of important family events missed correlates with elevated depression symptoms in children, while cumulative duration of absence is associated with maternal depression and anxiety [14].

The Navy does maintain a formal support infrastructure: Family Readiness Groups (FRGs) at each command coordinate informational and morale-building activities, while Fleet and Family Support Programs provide financial counseling and mental health referrals [15]. However, no public data has been released on utilization rates or outcomes specific to the Ford's extended deployment, and the 2022 GAO report on Navy maintenance backlogs did not separately audit family support funding levels [16].

Operational Cost: $6.5 Million Per Day and Counting

Operating a carrier strike group costs approximately $6.5 million per day, covering personnel, fuel, flight operations, and escort vessel expenses [17]. At that rate, the Ford's 326-day deployment cost roughly $2.1 billion in operational expenses alone — before accounting for munitions expended in two combat operations.

The broader financial context: the Navy's operations against Iran have been folded into a spending package exceeding $30 billion, while the Navy's overall budget request for fiscal year 2027 stands at $377.5 billion within a $1.5 trillion Pentagon budget [8].

Hardship duty pay and retention bonuses for extended deployments represent additional costs above the baseline budget. The Navy has not publicly itemized how much of the Ford deployment's expense falls outside the original defense budget request versus supplemental war funding.

The Maintenance Reckoning

The Ford now faces an extended period in drydock. Analysts estimate the carrier will be out of action for 12 to 24 months [18][19].

Bryan Clark of the Hudson Institute warned: "The impact of the Ford isn't just wear and tear. They are late for their maintenance availability, which will have a cascading effect on the shipyards, which are already overtaxed and oversubscribed" [8].

The Planned Incremental Availability (PIA) — the Navy's term for scheduled depot-level maintenance — must now address fire damage restoration, catapult and arresting gear overhauls, reactor maintenance windows deferred during deployment, hull corrosion treatment requiring drydock, weapons elevator repairs, and flight deck non-skid reapplication [18].

Michael Fabey of Janes defense analysis firm added: "Lord knows what problems they will find. There are a lot of unknowns. And not a lot of extra spare parts around for repairs" [8].

Senator Kaine raised the cascading question directly: "Will another ship have to wait while the Ford is fixed? These are problems created because of the extended deployment" [18].

A Fleet Too Small for Its Mission

The Ford's record deployment did not occur in isolation. It is the latest symptom of what analysts call a structural carrier shortfall — a gap between the number of carrier strike groups available and the demands placed on them by regional combatant commanders.

Source: 19FortyFive / USNI News

Data as of May 16, 2026CSV

The Navy maintains 11 carrier strike groups by law. But at any given time, the actual number available for deployment is far lower. The USS John C. Stennis has been in shipyard overhaul for 5.5 years and won't be ready until 2027 [20]. The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower's maintenance overran by six months and counting [21]. The USS Nimitz, originally scheduled for decommissioning in April 2025, received a service life extension through March 2027 because no replacement is ready [21].

The Navy's Chief of Naval Operations has acknowledged that global mission demands make it "impossible to deliver full carrier strike group packages to all parts of the globe where combatant commanders have signaled a need" [22]. The math is unforgiving: maintaining continuous two-carrier presence in the Indo-Pacific alone requires six carriers dedicated to rotation cycles. When European and Middle Eastern commitments are added, the theoretical requirement rises to 15 carriers — four more than the Navy possesses [22].

A 2022 GAO report documented a $1.8 billion maintenance backlog, with 75 percent of planned maintenance periods for carriers and submarines completed late between 2015 and 2019, at an average delay of 113 days per carrier [16].

The USS Harry S. Truman — which itself returned from an extended deployment in June 2025 after Secretary Hegseth ordered multiple extensions during Houthi operations in the Red Sea — faced its own controversies including the loss of three fighter jets and the firing of its commanding officer after a collision with a merchant ship [23][24].

Allied Comparisons: No One Else Comes Close

No allied navy maintains deployments approaching U.S. duration. The UK's HMS Queen Elizabeth-class carriers typically deploy for five to six months [25]. France's Charles de Gaulle, the only other Western nuclear-powered carrier, operates on four-to-five-month deployment cycles with lengthy maintenance intervals dictated by its single-reactor design [26]. China's Liaoning and Shandong have not conducted deployments exceeding 45 days beyond their immediate region [27].

The gap reflects both the scale of U.S. global commitments and the absence of peer nations willing or able to share the burden. The UK possesses two carriers but can only fully man and equip one at a time. France has one. The United States, with 11, still cannot meet demand.

Operational Security vs. Public Accountability

Unlike the Truman deployment, which was publicly tracked and discussed as it occurred, the Ford's identity and operational theaters were publicly known throughout — its transit through the Strait of Gibraltar, Suez Canal passages, and port calls in Croatia and Crete were all documented by open-source intelligence trackers and media [4][9].

The Navy did not attempt to conceal which carrier was deployed. What remained less transparent was the decision-making process behind each extension. Kaine's March 2026 letter specifically pressed the Navy on why the deployment was extended twice without adequate communication to families or Congress [10].

The pattern of deployment extensions — first for Venezuela operations, then for Iran — suggests operational necessity drove the extensions rather than any single advance plan. But critics argue this reactive posture itself reflects the structural problem: with too few carriers available, each deployed carrier becomes irreplaceable regardless of how long it has been at sea.

What Comes Next

The Ford's crew will enter a reintegration period as the carrier enters drydock. The Navy's broader carrier rotation must absorb the gap. The USS John F. Kennedy, the second Ford-class carrier, is not expected to commission until March 2027 [18].

For the approximately 4,500 sailors who spent nearly a year aboard, the immediate concern is more personal. As one spouse told reporters at the Norfolk reunion: "Being gone for that long, it's got to be tough on anybody, especially when they only get a short amount of port visits" [6].

The Ford's deployment answered a question the Navy had not publicly asked: what happens when a carrier designed for seven-month deployments is kept at sea for eleven? The answer — in deferred maintenance, strained families, food pantry lines, and a two-year repair bill — suggests the Navy's force structure cannot sustain this pace without either more ships or fewer commitments.