Northern Lights Peak Before Fading: Viewing Guide

The numbers tell a dramatic story. In August 2024, the Sun blazed with 216 sunspots — the highest monthly count of Solar Cycle 25. By February 2026, that number had plummeted to just 78.2, a decline of more than 60 percent in 18 months [1]. The solar engine that powered unprecedented aurora displays visible from Texas to Florida is winding down, and with it, a once-in-a-decade opportunity to witness the northern lights from latitudes where most people actually live.

But "winding down" is not "off." Scientists at NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center and solar observatories worldwide are delivering a nuanced message: the most dramatic phase of Solar Cycle 25 is behind us, yet the Sun's declining years can produce some of the most powerful individual geomagnetic storms of an entire cycle [2]. For the millions who discovered aurora chasing during the extraordinary events of 2024, the next year represents a final window — narrowing, but not yet closed.

The Rise and Fall of Solar Cycle 25

Every roughly 11 years, the Sun completes a cycle of magnetic activity, swinging from a quiet minimum to a turbulent maximum and back again. Solar Cycle 25 began in December 2019 amid modest expectations. The Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel, convened by NOAA and NASA, forecast a relatively weak cycle with a peak sunspot number of around 115, expected in July 2025 [3].

The Sun had other plans.

By mid-2023, monthly sunspot counts were already exceeding predictions, with June and July 2023 both topping 160 [1]. The cycle's first peak arrived that summer, with the smoothed sunspot number reaching 125.3 — already surpassing the previous cycle's maximum. But rather than settling into decline, the Sun delivered a second, even stronger surge in 2024.

Source: SILSO / Royal Observatory of Belgium

Data as of Mar 9, 2026CSV

The data from the Royal Observatory of Belgium's SILSO (Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations) center paints a vivid picture: from May through August 2024, monthly sunspot numbers rocketed to 172.1, 164.1, 196.8, and a cycle-topping 216.0 [1]. The smoothed monthly maximum reached 160.9 in October 2024 — roughly 40% above what forecasters had predicted [4]. Solar Cycle 25, it turned out, was not the mild-mannered cycle that had been advertised. It was comparable to the active Cycle 23 that peaked around 2000-2001.

This "double peak" pattern — two distinct waves of intense activity rather than one clean bell curve — extended the window of elevated solar output well beyond initial projections [2]. It also produced some of the most dramatic space weather events in two decades.

The Storms That Captivated the World

On May 10-11, 2024, the Sun unleashed the most powerful geomagnetic storm since the Halloween storms of 2003. Multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) — massive eruptions of magnetized plasma — arrived at Earth in rapid succession, driving the Kp index to 9, the maximum on the geomagnetic disturbance scale, and triggering a G5 (Extreme) geomagnetic storm [5].

The result was breathtaking. Aurora borealis was visible across the entire continental United States, including southern California, Texas, and Florida. Social media exploded with photographs from people who had never seen the northern lights before — and never expected to see them from their backyards. A second major storm on October 10, 2024, lit up skies across Europe and North America once again [5]. Then on November 11, 2025, a G4 (Severe) storm produced auroras visible from Oklahoma, Arkansas, and even parts of Florida [6].

These events transformed the northern lights from a niche bucket-list item into a mainstream cultural phenomenon. A 2024 Expedia survey found that 42% of Americans said they intended to prioritize chasing the northern lights in the coming year, surpassing other bucket-list experiences [7]. Booking platforms reported a 26% increase in travel to Finland and Norway in 2024, driven largely by aurora tourism [7].

The Decline Phase: What the Data Shows

But the SILSO data makes the trend unmistakable. After the August 2024 peak of 216.0 sunspots, the monthly counts have been on a downward trajectory with characteristic volatility:

• September 2024: 141.1
• January 2025: 137.0
• May 2025: 78.5 (the cycle's sharpest single-month drop)
• August 2025: 133.7
• November 2025: 91.8
• February 2026: 78.2 [1]

The February 2026 reading of 78.2 is the lowest monthly sunspot number since November 2022, when the cycle was still ramping up. The descent is not smooth — solar activity is inherently stochastic, and individual months can spike or plummet — but the overall direction is clear. Solar Cycle 25 is entering its declining phase.

NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center has noted that the Sun completed its polar field reversal in 2023, a milestone that typically signals the cycle has passed its midpoint [3]. SILSO scientists have stated that while another activity peak "remains a possibility, it is unlikely it will be higher than the one in October [2024] because the ongoing solar cycle is already over 5.5 years in progress" [4].

For aurora watchers, this means fewer coronal mass ejections, fewer solar flares, and — on average — fewer opportunities for the kind of spectacular, low-latitude aurora displays that characterized 2024 and early 2025.

Why the Decline Phase Still Matters

Here is where the story gets interesting. Solar physicists have long observed that some of the most powerful individual geomagnetic storms occur not at solar maximum, but during the declining phase that follows — sometimes one to two years after the sunspot peak [2].

The reason is structural. As the Sun's magnetic field reorganizes during its transition from maximum toward minimum, it can produce large, isolated coronal holes — regions where the solar wind streams outward at particularly high speeds. These fast solar wind streams can interact with slower wind ahead of them, creating co-rotating interaction regions that drive moderate but persistent geomagnetic activity. More critically, the Sun can still launch massive individual CMEs during this phase — and when it does, they can travel through a more organized interplanetary magnetic field that may actually enhance their geoeffectiveness when they reach Earth.

"For aurora enthusiasts, 2026 may bring fewer geomagnetic storms overall, but the odds of a rare, extreme once-in-a-decade event are actually higher," notes analysis from Space.com [2]. The implication is provocative: while casual observers are less likely to stumble upon aurora displays in 2026 than they were in 2024, dedicated aurora chasers who monitor space weather forecasts may still be rewarded with extraordinary events.

Anyone at 45 degrees latitude or higher — roughly the northern United States, southern Canada, and much of northern Europe — is projected to have multiple realistic opportunities to see aurora from home through 2026 [6].

The $1.6 Billion Aurora Economy

The solar cycle's impact extends far beyond astronomy. The northern lights tourism market, valued at $831 million in 2025, is projected to reach $1.65 billion by 2030, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 9.6-9.8% [7]. The surge in solar activity has been rocket fuel for this industry.

In Finland's Lapland region, tourism-related businesses increased by 18% over the past three years, and hotel searches spiked by 370% during peak aurora season [7]. Norway's Tromsø, often called the "Gateway to the Arctic," has become one of Europe's most popular winter destinations. Iceland, with its otherworldly landscapes of black sand beaches and glacial lagoons, has positioned itself as the premium aurora destination.

Source: Grand View Research

Data as of Mar 9, 2026CSV

But the industry faces an awkward reality: the very solar activity that created this boom is now fading. Tour operators who built businesses around the promise of spectacular aurora displays must now manage expectations for a declining cycle. The savviest operators are already pivoting their messaging — emphasizing that aurora can still be seen during solar minimum at high latitudes, while acknowledging that the window for truly extraordinary, low-latitude displays is closing.

Your Last Best Window: A Practical Guide

For those who haven't yet seen the northern lights — or who want one more chance at a spectacular display — experts point to the next 12 months as the critical window. Here's what you need to know.

When to Go

The equinox periods — late September and mid-March — produce heightened geomagnetic activity due to the Russell-McPherron effect, where the geometry of Earth's magnetic field relative to the solar wind becomes more favorable for energy transfer [8]. March 2026 has been highlighted by multiple sources as potentially the last "golden" month for widespread, vivid aurora displays before activity retreats for the remainder of this cycle.

The best months for northern lights viewing fall between September and March, when Arctic darkness provides the long, dark nights necessary for aurora observation [8]. December through February offers the most favorable conditions, with extended darkness and often clearer, colder skies.

Where to Go

For the best odds: Tromsø and Alta in Norway, Abisko in Sweden (which benefits from a unique cloud-clearing microclimate created by surrounding mountains), and Finland's Lapland region offer the most reliable high-latitude viewing [8].

For dramatic backdrops: Iceland combines aurora viewing with surreal volcanic landscapes. Fairbanks, Alaska, sits directly beneath the auroral oval, with local guides claiming a 90% sighting rate over a three-night stay [8].

For mid-latitude viewing: During strong geomagnetic storms (G3 or above), aurora can be visible from the northern United States, southern Canada, and the UK. Monitor NOAA's 30-minute aurora forecast and smartphone apps like My Aurora Forecast or hello aurora for real-time alerts [9].

How to Photograph the Aurora

Modern smartphones have made aurora photography accessible to everyone. Key settings include [10]:

• ISO: Between 800 and 1600
• Shutter speed: 2.5 to 10 seconds (longer exposures blur the aurora's structure)
• Focus: Manual, set to infinity
• Stability: A tripod is essential; otherwise, rest your phone on a car roof or rock
• Flash: Off
• Take multiple shots — auroras can brighten and fade in seconds

Monitoring Tools

NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center (swpc.noaa.gov) provides a free 30-minute aurora forecast map, 3-day geomagnetic forecasts, and real-time Kp index readings [9]. The University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute offers its own aurora forecast tool. Several smartphone apps aggregate these data sources into push-notification alerts when geomagnetic activity spikes.

The Long Wait Ahead

After Solar Cycle 25 fades into solar minimum — projected to arrive around 2030-2031 — aurora displays will gradually retreat toward the poles. The northern lights will not disappear entirely; they are a permanent feature of Earth's magnetosphere, occurring whenever charged particles from the solar wind interact with atmospheric gases. But during solar minimum, these displays become fainter, less frequent, and confined to higher latitudes, typically above 65 degrees north [2].

The next solar maximum is not expected until approximately 2035-2036, more than a decade from now [2]. And there is no guarantee that Solar Cycle 26 will be as active as Cycle 25 turned out to be. Solar cycle predictions remain notoriously difficult — as Cycle 25 itself demonstrated by dramatically exceeding forecasts.

For anyone who has been captivated by photographs of green and purple curtains sweeping across Texas skies, the message from solar scientists is clear: the clock is ticking. The Sun's grand show is not quite over, but the house lights are slowly coming up. The next 12 months offer a realistic — if diminishing — chance to witness one of nature's most spectacular phenomena before it retreats northward for the better part of a decade.

The northern lights will return. But for those of us who don't live above the Arctic Circle, this is the moment to look up.