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The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered dozens of galaxies in the early universe that are too massive, too bright, and too mature to fit neatly within the Lambda-Cold Dark Matter model that has guided cosmology for three decades. While some anomalies have been explained by observational artifacts like active black holes inflating mass estimates, the sheer abundance of early galaxies — roughly twice the predicted number — has forced a reckoning over whether the standard model needs a tune-up or a replacement.