Revision History

A 47-year-old woman with three simultaneous autoimmune blood disorders — autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and antiphospholipid syndrome — achieved sustained remission after a single infusion of CD19-directed CAR-T cells, as reported in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2026. The case, believed to be the first documented instance of this disease combination treated with engineered immune cells, has intensified debate over whether individual case reports can drive clinical adoption of a therapy that costs upward of $375,000 per infusion and carries FDA-boxed warnings for secondary malignancies.