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On April 13, 2029, the 340-meter asteroid Apophis will pass just 31,600 km from Earth — closer than geostationary satellites — in the nearest flyby of an asteroid this size ever recorded. Once rated the highest-ever threat on the Torino impact hazard scale, Apophis has since been ruled out as an impact risk for at least 100 years, but the encounter presents an unprecedented scientific opportunity and a real-world stress test for humanity's planetary defense infrastructure.